重点单词和短语
1. quality. n. 质量；品质；性质
be of high good/ low/ poor quality 质量高/低
a man of fine qualities: 一位有很多好品质的男子 the qualities of water 水的特性
qualify v. 使……具体资格（品质）
2. mean adj. 吝啬的；自私；卑鄙的
It’s mean of sb. to do sth. 做某事真是太自私/卑鄙了
be mean to sb. about/ over sth. 在某方面对某人很吝啬
3. active. adj. 积极的；活跃的；主动的 be active in… 在……方面很积极/活跃
take an active part in… 积极参与…… lead／live an active life 过着积极的生活
active voice 主动语态 activity n. 活动
4. devote vt. (与to连用) 献身；专心于
devote ... to ... 把……献给……
devote oneself to sth./ doing sth. 献身于，专心于；致力于
be devoted to致力于；专用于
devote one’s life/ time/ money/ energy to sth./ doing sth.
把本人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……
devoted. adj. 忠实的；深爱的；全心全意的
a devoted friend 一位忠实的朋友 a devoted mother 一位贤妻良母
5. principle n. 法则；原则；原理 in principle. 原则上；大致上
stick to one’s principles 恪守自己的原则 on the principle of 根据……的原则
against one’s principle 违背某人的原则
6. guidance n. 指导；领导
guidance on sth. 对某事物的指导 offer guidance to sb. 给某人提供指导
under/ with the guidance of sb. =under/ with sb’s guidance 在某人的指导下
7. out of work=be out of a job 失业
out of control 失去控制 out of patience 失去耐心
out of reach 够不着 out of date 过时
out of sight 看不见 out of money 钱花光
out of mind 心不在焉 out of order 坏了；混乱
8. vote vt & vi. 投票；选举n. 投票；选票；表决
vote on… 就……投票 vote for/ against 投票赞成/反对
vote to do 投票表决帮某事； vote + that-clause
9. attack vt & vi. 袭击；攻击；抨击
attack sb. from behind 背后攻击 attack the government’s new policy抨击政府新政策
n. 发病；袭击；攻击 make an attack on/ against… 攻击；袭击；抨击
under attack 遭到袭击/抨击 air attack 空袭 a heart attack 心脏病突发
10. as a matter of fact 事实上=in (actual) fact = actually= in reality
11. blow up 炸毁；给……充气，打气
get the tire blown up 给轮胎打气
blow up the balloons 给汽球充气 blow up a bridge 炸毁一座桥
blow out 吹灭，熄灭 blow down 刮倒
12. equal adj. 相等的；平等的； equal pay for equal work 同工同酬
be equal to 与……相等；等于；能胜任
v. 等于；比得上 n. 同等（对等）的人；对于；匹敌者
equal sb in sth = be an equal to sb in sth.
在某方面与某人匹敌/势力相当
equally adv.
13. be in trouble 在危险；受罚；痛苦；忧虑等的处境中
ask for trouble 自寻烦恼
get into trouble 遇到麻烦;出事
have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
make trouble 制造麻烦
take great trouble to do sth 不辞辛苦做某事
14. turn to 求助于；致力于；转向；变成；转变到
turn to sb. for help/ advice 向某人求助/救 turn to the left 向左转
turn to page 20 翻到20页 turn to the English dictionary 查英文辞典
give up medicine and turn to writing 放弃医学转向写作
15. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 lose face 丢脸 lose weight 减肥
lose one’s heart to 爱上；喜欢上 lose one’s way 迷路
lose oneself in 迷上 lose one’s sight 失明 lose one’s temper 发怒
16. excape. vi & vt 逃脱；逃走；泄露
escape punishment / being punished 逃避惩罚 escape from.. 从……逃跑/脱
n. 逃跑；逃脱 make one’s escape设法逃走 have a narrow escape 死里逃生；勉强逃脱
17. come to power 当权；上台
18. beg v. 请求；乞求 beg sb. to do sth. 乞求（某人）做某事
beg sb. for sth. 向某人要某东西 Beg your pardon 请原谅；请再说一遍
19. reward n. 报酬；奖金 vt. 酬劳；奖赏
reward sb. with sth. 用……酬谢某人 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因……而酬谢某人
in reward 作为报酬 as a reward for… 作为……的报酬（奖赏）
give/ offer a reward to sb. for sth. 为某事而给某人奖赏
20. set up a laboratory 建立一个实验室
set up a fund for the Hope Project 为希望工程设立一项基金
set out to do sth. 开始干……；着手于… set out/ off for sp. 动身去某地
set off 引爆，使……爆炸，动身 set about doing sth 开始干（做）某事
21. be sentenced to 被判处……（徒刑）
22.opinion n. 意见；看法；主张
have a good/ bad/ high/ low opinion of sb./ sth. 对……评价好/不好/高/低
in one’s opinion = in the opinion of sb. 以……看来
the opinion of/ about sth. ……方面的意见/观点
23. fight (fought, fought) vi & vt. 打仗；打架；与……进行斗争或奋斗；对抗
fight for 为……而战
fight against ……为反对……而战；与……作战（斗争）
fight with… 同……斗争/同……并肩作战
fight back 还击；忍住
fight with sb. about…… 因……而和某人争吵
24. be in prison 坐牢（强调状态） go to prison 去坐牢
escape from prison 越狱
send/ take sb. to prison 把某人送进监狱
put/ throw sb. into prison 把某人投进监狱
25. be grateful to sb. for sth. 因某事而感激某人
26. achieve vt. 完成，实现；达到（目的）；赢得（名声）
achieve nothing 一无所获 achieve success/ victory 获得成功/胜利
achieve one’s purpose/ goal 达到目的 achieve one’s aim/dream 实现目标/梦想
achieve a good reputation 获得好的名声 achieve modernization 实现现代化
achievement n. 成绩；业绩 achieveable adj.（事情）可完成的；可达到的
重点句子
1. However, this was a time when one had to have a passport to live in Johannesburg.
2. I worried about whether I would become out of work.
3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our right and progress.
until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
4. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight
the government.
5. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
6. It was a prison from which no one escaped.
7. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
8. They were not cleverer than me, but they did pass the exams.
9. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
